-- The IEEE 802.3 specification for ethernet
over unshielded twisted pair (UTP).
-- A 100 Mbps technology based
on the Ethernet/CD network access method. Application Program Interface (API)
-- Means of communication between programs to give one program transparent
access to another.
-- A new standard for transmitting
at speeds up to seven Mbps over a single copper pair.
-- Referring to two or more signals which,
though they have the same nominal rates, actually operate at different rates.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) -- The CCITT standard for cell relay wherein
information for multiple types of services (voice, video, data) is conveyed
in small, fixed-size cells. ATM is a connection oriented technology used
in both LAN and WAN environments.
-- Accommodates bursty LAN data traffic with less
overhead than AAL 3/4.
-- The layer in the ATM protocol stack for routing
and processing activities. For example: building the ATM header; payload
identification; header validation and cell reception; cell routing using
VPIs/VCIs; cell multiplexing/demultiplexing; quality of service specification;
prioritization and flow control.
--Teleconferencing method used mostly
by audio communications channels such as telephone lines provided by a telecommunications
company interconnecting the various parties.
--(1) A range of frequencies between two defined
limits expressed in cycles per second, or hertz (Hz). It is also the information
carrying capacity of a circuit. (2) The expression of the carrying capacity
of the transmission line. In a digital transmission, the bandwidth is the
range of transmission rates at which information can be sent in a particular
medium. The bandwidth is expressed in kilobits per seconds or megabits
per second (Mbps). (3) The capacity of a transmission channel.
) -- A unit of transmission
speed equal to the number of times the state (or condition) of a line changes
per second. The baud rate usually refers to the number of bits transmitted
each second.
--Device for the interconnection of telecon-ferencing
systems and communications lines in a multipoint session. A bridge is called
an audio bridge in audio-conferencing and a multipoint control unit in videoconferencing.
The bridge can be an analog or a digital device. An essential component of
an audio-conferencing system, the bridge also balances the signal levels
of the audio transmission, reduces noise, and minimizes echo.
-- The transmission of television
signals, including signals that originate at over-the-air television stations,
to consumers on a wired network, usually for a fee.
-- A channel access mechanism wherein devices wishing to transmit first check
the channel for a carrier. If no carrier is sensed for some period of time,
devices can transmit. If two devices transmit simultaneously, a collision
occurs and is detected by all colliding devices, which subsequently delays
their retransmissions for some random length of time. CSMA/CD access is used
by Ethernet and IEEE 802.3
-- Traditionally refers to
the core components of a computer that interpret and execute binary instructions.
-- A physical, metallic path used for two-way
communications between two or more points.
-- Set of IETF-developed specifications for
the operation of LAN-to-LAN IP connectivity over an ATM network.
-- A distributed system model of computing
that brings computing power to the desktop, where users ("clients") access resources from servers.
- -A videoconferencing system component that processes
incoming and outgoing audiovisual signals in terms of coding and compression.
-- A technique used to reduce the
amount of space taken up by data during transmission.
-- Equipment to convert between
analog and digital information format. Also may provide digital compression
and switching functions. Primarily used to describe video equipment performing
this function.
-- Reducing the size of a data set to lower
the bandwidth or space required for transmission or storage.
-- Delay intensive applications
such as video and voice, that must be digitized and represented by a continuous
bit stream. CBR traffic requires guaranteed levels of service and throughput.
-- Reducing the size of a data file by
reducing unnecessary information, such as blanks and redundant data.
-- That part of a data station
that serves as a data source, data sink, or both. It is the part of the terminal
that interfaces with the communications circuit.
-- In TCP/IP, the basic unit of information passed
across the internet environment. An IP datagram consists of an IP header,
followed by the Transport layer data.
--The transmission of discontinuous signals in
which information is encoded in binary form.
-- A system component which allows modem
users to communicate over digital access facilities. They work by converting
the PCM-encoded digital data streams sent by analogue modem users into their
original analogue waveform.
-- To convert an analog signal to a digital signal.
-- High-powered satellites
that can transmit or retransmit signals which are intended for direct reception
by the public. The signal is transmitted to small and inexpensive earth stations
or "dishes" mounted
on homes or other buildings.
--A conferencing technology that
enables customers to review a document and collaborate with others, right
from their computer using either analog and modem dial-up or existing Internet
accesses (LAN, dial-up, etc.)
-- A baseband LAN specification invented by Xerox
Corporation and developed jointly by Xerox, Intel, and Digital Equipment
Corporation. Ethernet networks operate at 10Mbps using CSMA/CD to run over
coaxial cable. Ethernet is similar to a series of standards produced by IEEE
referred to as IEEE 802.3.
-- An ANSI-defined
standard specifying a 100Mbps token-passing network using fiber-optic cable.
Uses a dual-ring architecture to provide redundancy.
-- An Internet protocol that
allows a user on one host to transfer files to and from another host over
a network.
-- The process of breaking a packet into
smaller units when transmitting over a network medium that cannot support
the original size of the packet.
-- LAN Technique for transmitting full duplex
between a LAN station and the wiring hub. Supports 10Mbps in each direction
(20Mbps) for Ethernet and 16Mbps in each direction (32Mbps for Token Ring).
Only supports single stations, not LAN segments.
-- The "GLOP" address space (not an acronym) is a way to assign
addresses based on an autonomous system number, as described in RFC
2770. Basically, a /24 is assigned to each Autonomous System based
on the 16 bit Autonomous System Number (ASN).
For a given ASN number, converted into two octets (say X and Y) in the usual
fashion of Internet addresses, the GLOP space is therefore 233.X.Y/24.
This address range is assumed to be assigned by default and does not
have to be explicitly requested. Note, however, that a GLOP allocation
only provides 256 separate addresses, which is widely viewed as not
enough for large scale broadcasters. There are no restrictions on
your GLOP space.
-- One billion bits.
H
H.263 -- A standard algorithm for video coding approved by the ITU-T.
-- Data transmitted in either
direction, one direction at a time.
--Hertz.
-- A standard
defined by the TlE1.4 standards committee, designed to be a cost-effective
method of delivering T1/E1 line speeds over unconditioned copper cable.
-- An emerging
ANSI standard which extends the computer bus over fairly short distances
at speeds of 800 and 1600Mb/s. HIPPI is often used in a computer room to
connect a supercomputer to routers, frame buffers, mass-storage peripherals,
and other computers.
-- The language used
in the World Wide Web to create web pages with links to other documents,
rich text enhancements (bold, italic, etc.) and so on. The "source" file
for what you see on a web page is written in HTML.
-- The protocol most
commonly used in the World Wide Web to transfer information from Web servers
to Web browsers.
-- The recommendation
published by CCITT for private or public digital telephone networks where
binary data, such as graphics and digitized voice and data transmission,
pass over the same digital network that carries most telephone transmissions
today.
-- A connection between two systems or devices.
In routing terminology, a network connection. Also, the boundary between
adjacent layers of the OSI model. In telephony, a shared boundary defined
by common physical interconnection characteristics, signal characteristics,
and meanings of interchanged signals.
-- A collection of networks interconnected by
a set of routers which allow them to function as a single, large virtual
network.
-- Also called an IP address. It is a
32-bit address assigned to hosts using TCP/IP. The address is written as
four octets separated with periods (dotted decimal format) that are made
up of a network section, an optional subnet section, and a host section.
-- An organization
that provides coordination of standards and specifications development for
TCP/IP networking.
-- A Layer three (network layer)
protocol that contains addressing information and some control information
that allows packets to be routed. Documented in RFC 791.
-- IPv6 (version
five is a stream protocol used for special applications) is a new version
of the Internet Protocol which is designed to be an evolutionary step from
its predecessor, version four. There are many RFCs defining various portions
of the protocol, its auxiliary protocols, and the transition plan from
IPv4. The core RFCs are 1883 through 1886.
-- Any of a number of
companies that sell Internet access to individuals or organizations at speeds
ranging from 300bps to OC-3.
--An international
standard developed for transmitting voice, data, and video simultaneously
over digital lines. These lines run at 64 kilobits per second.
-- All devices in the network derive their
timing signal directly or indirectly from the same primary reference clock.
ITU --International Telecommunication Union (telecommunications standards division).
-- A programming language developed by Sun Microsystems™.
Applets written in Java include their own software players, so you
can download and run them on any computer.
-- Analogue communication line distortion caused
by a variation of signals from its reference timing positions. Jitter can
also cause data loss, particularly at high speeds.
-- Industry organization
developing standards and specifications for the encoding and transmission
of photographic images over various media and network technologies.
--Joint Photographic Experts Group.
-- Thousand bits per second.
A measure of transmission speed.
--Local area network.
LAN Emulation -- A technique for legacy LAN MAC-layer protocols like Ethernet
and token ring, to work transparently across an ATM network.
-- The delay between the time a device receives
a frame and the frame is forwarded out of the destination port.
-- In routing, the ability of the router
to distribute traffic over all its network ports that are the same distance
from the destination address. It increases the use of network segments, which
increase the effective network bandwidth.
-- A network covering a relatively
small geographic area (usually not larger than a floor or small building).
Compared to WANs, LANs are usually characterized by relatively high data
rates.
-- A database of information
on managed objects that can be accessed via network management protocols
such as SNMP and CMIP.
-- A digital transmission speed
of millions of bits per second.
--Multipoint control unit.
-- Industry organization
developing standards and specifications for the encoding and transmission
of video information
over various media and network technologies.
-- Single packets copied to a specific subset
of network addresses. These addresses are specified in the destination-address
field. In contrast, in a broadcast, packets are sent to all devices in
a network.
-- A class D address that refers to
multi-network devices. Synonymous with group address.
-- A collection of Internet
routers that support IP multicasting. The MBONE is used as a "broadcast (actually multicast)
channel" on which various public and private audio and video programs
are sent. Examples include audio/ video transmissions from the
IETF meetings. At a recent IETF meeting there were as many participants "listening
in" on the MBONE as there were people present at the meeting itself.
--The connection of more than two locations
to affect a teleconference, as opposed to only point-to-point connections.
-- In the
United States, a television industry group that develops standards for television
broadcasting and receiving equipment.
-- A collection of computers and other devices
that are able to communicate with each other over some network medium.
-- A distributed file system
developed by Sun Microsystems which allows a set of computers to cooperatively
access each other's files in a transparent manner.
-- The circuit board or other
hardware that provides the interface between a communicating DTE and the
network.
-- Continuous sequence of binary digits of information
is switched through the network and an integral unit. Consists of up
to 1024 bits (128 octets) of customer data plus additional transmission
and error control information.
-- The vehicle of the Local Public Data
Network which performs the switching function. For Local Public Data Network
service, this is a Telephone Company facility Hub.
-- A network in which data is
transmitted in units called packets. The packets can be routed individually
over the best available network connection and reassembled to form a complete
message at the destination.
-- Type of data transfer that occupies
a communication link only during the time of actual data transmission. Messages
are split into packets and reassembled at the receiving end of the communication
link.
--A private phone system
existing within an organization that allows communication within the organization
by dialing an extension and outside the organization by dialing "9" and
then the number.
--Personal computer.
PSTN --Public Switched Telephone Network
-- Term for the set of parameters
and their values which determine the performance of a given virtual circuit.
-- Video file format developed by Apple computer.
-- A TCP/IP mechanism that
provides a standard for initiating and controlling processes on remote or
distributed computer systems.
-- A dedicated computer hardware and/or software
package which manages the connection between two or more networks.
-- Conventional CSMA/CD Ethernet configuration
to which all stations are attached by a hub and share 10 or 100 Mbps
of bandwidth. Only one session can transmit at a time. This is
the most popular network type today.
-- The Internet
network management protocol. SNMP provides a means to monitor and set network
configuration and runtime parameters.
-- Physical interface
standard between high speed external devices, such as disks and CD-ROMs,
and desktop systems.
-- Operating system for Sun Microsystems SPARC
workstation.
-- Switching technique where frames,
packets or messages are temporarily received and buffered at intermediate
points between the source and destination. Bridges, Routers, X.25 switches
and ATM switches are all based on store and forward technology.
-- The international standard
language for defining and accessing relational databases.
-- An ethernet arrangement in which
the end devices are connected to a centralized switch rather than a shared
bus. Each connection is its own collision domain. All communication occurs
through the switch.
-- Operating at the same speed, all circuits
in a synchronous network are constrained to operate at their nominal rates
with no significant variation.
-- Digital transmission facility operating with a nominal
bandwidth of 1.544Mbps. Also known as Digital Signal Level 1 (D1). Composed
of 24 DS-0 channels in many cases. The T1 digital transmission system is
the primary digital communication system in North America.
-- Digital transmission facility operating at 45Mbps
bandwidth. Composed of 28 DS-1 channels in many cases. Also known as DS-3.
-- Two-way interactive video conference
conducted with true broadcast quality.
-- As defined in IEEE 802.5, a communications
method that uses a token to control access to the LAN. The difference between
a token bus and a token ring is that with a token ring the LAN does not use
a master controller to control the token. Instead, each computer knows the
address of the computer that should receive the token next. When a computer
with the token has nothing to transmit, it passes the token to the next computer
in line.
-- A reliable, full
duplex, connection-oriented end to end transport protocol running on top
of IP.
-- The common name for the suite of protocols developed by the U.S. Department
of Defense in the 1970s to support the construction of world-wide internetworks.
TCP and IP are the two best-known protocols in the suite. TCP corresponds
to Layer four (the transport layer) of the OSI reference model. It provides
reliable transmission of data. IP corresponds to layer three (the network
layer) of the OSI reference model and provides connectionless datagram service.
-- An identifier which
describes the location of a particular piece of information ("document") including
the protocol used to retrieve that information. For example, http://www.
interop.com/publications/connexions.html says: Use the HTTP protocol
to retrieve the file "connexions.html" from
host "www.interop.com" in
directory "publications."
-- A connectionless transport-layer
protocol belonging to the Internet protocol family.
-- Applications that produce traffic
of varying bit rates, like common LAN applications, which produce
varying throughput rates.
-- Membership to a Virtual LAN is defined
administratively independent of the physical network topology. A virtual
LAN segment is a unique broadcast domain.
-- A network service offered
by public carriers in which the customer is provided a network that in
many ways appears as if it is a private network (customer-unique addressing,
network management capabilities, dynamic reconfiguration,
etc.) but which, in fact, is provided over the carrier's public network facilities.
-- Web, used as a noun, is shorthand for the
World Wide Web.
-- A server that stores and retrieves HTML
documents and other Internet or intranet resources using HTTP. Also called
an HTTP server.
-- A network that encompasses
interconnectivity between devices over a wide geographic area. Such networks
would require public rights-of-way and operate over long distances.
-- The Internet's worldwide, HTML-based,
hypertext-linked information system.
